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Classical Liberalism

Individual liberty, free markets, and limited government intervention to promote a prosperous and self-reliant society.

Overview Issues Discuss

About

  • Classical liberalism is a political ideology that values the freedom of individuals — including the freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and markets — as well as limited government. It developed in the 18th century, evolving out of the Age of Enlightenment in Europe and America. The ideology is heavily based on the works of a number of prominent philosophers, including John Locke, Adam Smith, and Voltaire, who championed the concepts of individual liberty, natural rights, and economic freedom.

    John Locke, often considered the father of classical liberalism, argued that each individual has a natural right to life, liberty, and property, and that governments must not violate these rights. Adam Smith, another key figure, advocated for free markets and the 'invisible hand' theory, which suggests that individuals pursuing their own self-interest inadvertently benefit society.

    Classical liberalism emerged as a response to the feudal system and the absolute rule of monarchs and religious authorities. It played a significant role in political revolutions, such as the American Revolution and the French Revolution, which sought to replace these old hierarchies with democratic institutions and a society based on merit.

    In the 19th century, classical liberalism became the predominant political force in the Western world. It was the driving ideology behind the vast expansion of suffrage and civil rights during this period. However, the early 20th century saw a shift away from classical liberalism, with the rise of social liberalism and conservatism. These ideologies argued for a more significant role of the government in economic and social affairs, in response to the perceived failures of laissez-faire capitalism, such as economic inequality and lack of protections for workers.

    Despite these shifts, classical liberalism continues to influence political ideologies today. It is often associated with libertarianism and neoliberalism, which advocate for minimal government intervention in the economy and uphold individual liberty as a core principle. However, these ideologies also differ from classical liberalism in significant ways, reflecting the ongoing evolution of political thought.

Relevant stances

Voters that identify as Classical Liberalism are most likely to agree with these stances.

Opposing stances

Voters that identify as Classical Liberalism are most likely to oppose these stances.

Similar ideologies

These ideologies are most similar to Classical Liberalism.

Economic Liberalism

Free markets and minimal government intervention will lead to increased individual freedom, economic growth, and overall prosperity.

Government SpendingTeacher and Faculty Diversity TrainingUkrainian Defense FundingMental competency testingPublic Transportation

Capitalism

A free market economy promotes individual freedom, innovation, and wealth creation for all.

Government SpendingUkrainian Defense FundingWelfareTeacher and Faculty Diversity TrainingTaxes

Natural Rights

Individuals should be free to exercise their inherent rights to life, liberty, and property without undue interference from the government or others.

Government SpendingEconomic StimulusElectric Vehicle MandatesTeacher and Faculty Diversity TrainingUkrainian Defense Funding

Limited Government

A smaller, less intrusive government will lead to increased individual freedom, personal responsibility, and economic prosperity.

Government SpendingDrug PolicyEconomic StimulusMandatory VaccinationsRight of Foreigners to Vote

Individualism

The paramount importance of personal freedom, self-reliance, and the right to express and pursue one's own goals without interference from societal or governmental constraints.

Government SpendingEconomic StimulusSurcharge BanMinimum WagePublic Transportation

Neo-Libertarianism

Achieving a society where individual freedom is maximized, government intervention is minimized, and free market capitalism is promoted, while also supporting some level of social safety net and foreign intervention for the protection of human rights.

Right of Foreigners to VoteGovernment SpendingWelfareMinimum WageEconomic Stimulus

Fiscal Conservatism

Responsible government spending and balanced budgets lead to a stable economy and reduced debt for future generations.

Electric Vehicle MandatesGovernment SpendingEconomic StimulusCorporate SubsidiesTaxes

Voluntarism

A society based on voluntary interactions and cooperation leads to a more prosperous and harmonious community.

Government SpendingCorporate TaxTerm LimitsNet NeutralityFlag Burning

Opposing ideologies

These ideologies are least similar to Classical Liberalism.

Total State Control

You believe only a comprehensive state apparatus can create the order, unity, and direction a society needs to thrive.

Flag BurningRent ControlCryptocurrenciesSurcharge BanSingle-Payer Healthcare

Strong Authority

You believe a powerful government with broad authority can maintain order, enforce standards, and protect the nation more effectively than individual freedom allows.

CryptocurrenciesFlag BurningSocial Media RegulationDecentralised FinanceHate Speech

Authoritarian

A structured society with clear rules and strong leadership to maintain order and stability.

CryptocurrenciesFlag BurningRent ControlDecentralised FinanceMedical Consensus

Social Justice Advocate

You believe deeply rooted systems of oppression require bold, structural change — not just individual attitude shifts.

Minimum WageRent ControlSingle-Payer HealthcareHate SpeechGender Workplace Diversity

Socialist

You believe major industries and resources should be owned or controlled democratically to serve the common good, not private profit.

Rent ControlMinimum WageSingle-Payer HealthcareEconomic StimulusSurcharge Ban

Planned Economy

You believe the government should direct economic production and distribution to ensure everyone’s needs are met and waste is eliminated.

Rent ControlSurcharge BanSingle-Payer HealthcareMinimum WageGender Workplace Diversity

How similar are your political beliefs to Classical Liberalism issues? Take the political quiz to find out.