In a historic ruling, the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the United Nations' highest court, declared that countries have a legal obligation under international law to act on climate change.
The court found that failing to curb greenhouse gas emissions and protect the environment could make nations liable for damages and reparations, especially to those most affected by climate impacts. This landmark opinion was driven by years of advocacy from vulnerable island nations and youth activists, and it opens the door for legal claims against major polluters.
The ICJ also affirmed that a healthy environment is a human right, and that all states must exercise due diligence to prevent global warming from exceeding 1.5°C. While the ruling is advisory and not directly enforceable, it is expected to influence future climate litigation and international policy.
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